Hashing Algorithms

A hashing algorithm is a mathematical function that converts input data of any size into a fixed-length string of characters, which is typically a sequence of letters and numbers. This output is known as a hash value or digest.

What is a Collision?

A collision in hashing occurs when two distinct pieces of data produce the same hash value using a hashing algorithm12. This can be problematic because the primary goal of a hashing algorithm is to uniquely represent different data inputs.

What is a MAC?

Message Authentication Code (MAC): In cryptography, a MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message and ensure its integrity. It verifies that the message has not been altered and confirms the sender’s identity.

How is a MAC different from an HMAC?

MAC: A general term for a code that verifies message integrity and authenticity, using either block ciphers or hash functions.

HMAC: A specific type of MAC that uses a cryptographic hash function and a secret key, offering stronger security properties.